Pola makan yang kaya dengan saus tomat, serta produk-produk lain yang mengandung tomat mengandung antioksidan kuat yang dapat menurunkan risiko terkena kanker prostat kata sebuah penelitian terbaru. Para peneliti menganalisa pilihan makanan dan sejarah kanker prostat pada lebih dari 47.000 pria dan menemukan kalau mereka yang makan sekurang-kurangnya dua makanan dalam seminggu yang mengandung produk dari tomat menurunkan risiko mereka terkena kanker prostat 24-36%.

Dr. Edward Giovannucci dari Brigham and Women’s Hospital dan Harvard School of Public Health, peneliti utama dari penelitian ini, mengatakan kalau hal ini mendukung penelitian sebelumnya yang meneliti makanan, terutama produk tomat, yang mengandung banyak lycopene, antioksidan yang sangat kuat. “Penelitian paling baru ini menambahkan dukungan pada teori yang mengatakan kalau pola makan kaya makanan yang mengandung tomat dan lycopene, demikian juga buah-buahan serta sayur-sayuran yang lain, mungkin dapat menurunkan risiko kanker prostat,” kata Giovannucci. Laporan penelitian ini sendiri ada di the Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

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Experts disagree on whether a daily multivitamin is necessary for all children.

Many young children are picky eaters but that doesn’t necessarily mean they will develop a vitamin or mineral deficiency. Children don’t need large amounts of vitamins and minerals. In addition, many foods that children eat are fortified with important vitamins and minerals. So your child may be getting more vitamins and minerals than you think.

When is a multivitamin necessary? Talk to your child’s doctor. If your doctor is concerned that your son isn’t getting the recommended amounts of vitamins and minerals, he or she may recommend a daily multivitamin. However, giving your child a multivitamin can’t replace proper nutrition.

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Introduction
Autism is a brain disorder that is associated with a range of developmental problems, mainly in communication and social interaction. The first signs of this disorder typically appear before age 3. Although treatment has improved greatly in the past few decades, autism cannot be cured. It persists throughout life.

It’s estimated that three to six of every 1,000 children have autism. A recent increase in the number of autism cases in the United States may be the result of improved diagnosis and changes in diagnostic criteria.

The disorder occurs three to four times more often in boys than in girls. The severity of symptoms is variable. Some children with autism will grow up able to live independently, while others may always need supportive living and working environments.

The cause of autism isn’t clear, and there’s no cure. But intensive, early treatment can make a difference.

Signs and symptoms
In general, children with autism have problems in three crucial areas of development — social skills, language and behavior. The most severe autism is marked by a complete inability to communicate or interact with other people.

Because the symptoms of autism vary widely, two children with the same diagnosis may act quite differently and have strikingly different skills.

If your child has autism, he or she may develop normally for the first few months — or years — of life and then later become less responsive to other people, including you. You may recognize the following signs in the areas of social skills, language and behavior:

Social skills

• Fails to respond to his or her name
• Has poor eye contact
• Appears not to hear you at times
• Resists cuddling and holding
• Appears unaware of others’ feelings
• Seems to prefer playing alone — retreats into his or her “own world”

Language

• Starts talking later than other children
• Loses previously acquired ability to say words or sentences
• Does not make eye contact when making requests
• Speaks with an abnormal tone or rhythm — may use a singsong voice or robot-like speech
• Can’t start a conversation or keep one going
• May repeat words or phrases verbatim, but doesn’t understand how to use them

Behavior

• Performs repetitive movements, such as rocking, spinning or hand-flapping
• Develops specific routines or rituals
• Becomes disturbed at the slightest change in routines or rituals
• Moves constantly
• May be fascinated by parts of an object, such as the spinning wheels of a toy car
• May be unusually sensitive to light, sound and touch

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Definitions of mesothelioma on the Web:

• A benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous) tumor affecting the lining of the chest or abdomen. Exposure to asbestos particles in the air increases the risk of developing malignant mesothelioma.
  www.stjude.org/glossary
• Malignant tumor of the mesothelium caused by exposure to asbestos fibers.
  www.mesotheliomahelp.net/mesothelioma_glossary.html
• A tumor of the mesothelium, that can be benign (localized) or malignant (diffusely spread), and that is most commonly caused by the ingestion of asbestos particles.
  www.mesothelioma-legal-resource.com/mesothelioma-medical-glossary.htm
• A rare form of lung cancer caused by exposure to asbestos. Mesothelioma affects the pleura of the lungs, often over a period of many years.
  www.lungcancerfyi.com/lung_cancer_glossary.html
• A rare cancer, usually found in those exposed to asbestos, in the form of a malignant tumor in the mesothelium of the lungs and or abdomen. Symptoms of this incurable disease are persistent coughing or coughing of blood, chest or abdomen pain, fatigue, and weight loss.
  www.mesotheliomafyi.com/glossary.html

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Introduction
Even the best-behaved children can be difficult and challenging at times. Teens are often moody and argumentative. But if your child or teen has a persistent pattern of tantrums, arguing and angry or disruptive behaviors toward you and other authority figures, he or she may have oppositional defiant disorder (ODD). Emotionally draining for the parents and distressing for the child, oppositional defiant disorder can add fuel to what may already be a turbulent and stressful family life.

You may walk on eggshells around your child with oppositional defiant disorder, not knowing what may trigger a tantrum or argument. While this is one of the most difficult of behavioral disorders, setting firm boundaries with consistent consequences plus a commitment to improving your relationship with your child can help your family overcome the dominating grip that oppositional defiant disorder may have on your household.

The foundation of treatment of ODD is behavioral management. Parents don’t have to go it alone in trying to manage a child with oppositional defiant disorder. Doctors, counselors and child development experts can help you learn specific parenting strategies and use proven techniques to help build a foundation of trust between you and your child and improve the underlying basis for these disruptive behaviors.

Signs and symptoms
It may be tough at times to recognize the difference between a strong-willed or emotional child and a child who has oppositional defiant disorder. And certainly there is a range between the normal independence-seeking behavior of children and oppositional defiant disorder. It’s normal for children to exhibit oppositional behaviors at certain stages of their development. However, if your child’s oppositional behaviors are persistent, have lasted at least six months and are clearly disruptive to the family and home or school environment, the issue may be oppositional defiant disorder.

The following are behaviors associated with ODD:

• Negativity
• Defiance
• Disobedience
• Hostility directed toward authority figures

These behaviors might cause your child to regularly and consistently show these symptoms:

• Frequent temper tantrums
• Argumentativeness with adults
• Refusal to comply with adult requests or rules
• Deliberate annoyance of other people
• Blaming others for mistakes or misbehavior
• Acting touchy and easily annoyed
• Anger and resentment
• Spiteful or vindictive behavior
• Aggressiveness toward peers

Oppositional defiant disorder often occurs along with other behavioral or mental health problems such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety or depression. The symptoms of ODD may be hard to distinguish from those of other behavioral or mental health problems.

Causes
There’s no clear cause underpinning oppositional defiant disorder. Contributing causes may include:

• The child’s inherent temperament
• The family’s response to the child’s style
• A genetic component that when coupled with certain environmental conditions, such as lack of supervision, poor quality daycare or family instability, increases the risk for ODD
• A biochemical or neurological factor
• The child’s perception that he or she isn’t getting enough of the parent’s time and attention

Risk factors
A number of factors play a role in the development of oppositional defiant disorder. ODD is a complex problem involving a variety of influences, circumstances and genetic components. No single factor alone causes ODD; however, the more risk factors a child has for ODD, the greater the risk for developing the disorder. Possible risk factors include:

• Having a parent with a mood or substance abuse disorder
• Being abused or neglected
• Harsh or inconsistent discipline
• Lack of supervision
• Poor relationship with one or both parents
• Family instability such as multiple moves, changing schools frequently
• Parents with a history of ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder or conduct problems
• Financial problems in the family
• Peer rejection
• Exposure to violence
• Frequent changes in daycare providers
• Parents who have a troubled marriage or are divorced

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